What is the definition of penalty?

The definition of penalty as a legal consequence for an action is centered on the notion that when someone violates a law or regulation, a penalty is imposed as a form of punishment or corrective measure. This consequence often takes the form of fines, imprisonment, or other restrictions depending on the severity of the offense. In the context of immigration and naturalization processes, penalties can serve as deterrents to discourage individuals from engaging in unlawful behavior, ensuring that the rules and regulations are respected.

The other options describe concepts that do not align with the definition of penalty. A reward for good behavior refers to positive reinforcement rather than a consequence for wrongdoing. Military duty pertains to obligations that service members have to their country, which has no relation to penalties. Lastly, a form of documentation implies a record or proof of information, again unrelated to the notion of consequences for actions.